Here you will find information and links about the preservatives that I use and feel are necessary for safety in many products. Preservatives are used at 1.0% or less in any given product. As you can see, this is a very tiny amount.
I am not a chemist, nor do I claim to be. There are many fine chemists that act as advisors to those of us who choose to add preservatives to our product for safety reasons. I do not attempt to paraphrase what they have to say, so while this information can be overwhelming, I am confident of it's content.
Maurice O. Hevey Convergent Cosmetics, Inc.was one of these advisors. Maurice recently passed away and his family has passed on his legacy. I credit them and thank them for the following resources and information:
Germaben II is recommended to be used at a level of up to 1.0%. This level provides to the product: 0.30% Germall II, 0.11% methylparaben, 0.03% propylparaben and 0.56% propylene glycol. Shampoos and liquid soaps generally require less than 1.0% Germaben II. Although Germaben II provides excellent antimicrobial preservation, every developed or modified product should be challenge tested to assure preservative efficacy.
http://www.ispcorp.com/products/preservatives/index.html
Germaben II-E is recommended to be used at a level of 1.0%. This level provides to the product: 0.20% Germall II, 0.10% methylparaben, 0.10% propylparaben and 0.60% propylene glycol. Although Germaben II-E provides excellent antimicrobial preservation, every developed or modified product should be challenge tested to assure preservative efficacy.
http://www.ispcorp.com/products/preservatives/index.html
Experience has shown that Phenonip will preserve cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25% to 1.0%. The higher concentrations are generally required only for formulations which, by their nature, are particularly difficult to preserve. Shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with Phenonip at concentrations typically between 0.25 - 0.65%. Products with a high protein content may require levels from 0.5% - 1.0%. Other surfactant-based products, for example liquid dishwashing detergents, are generally preserved with Phenonip over the range 0.2% -0.6%. Emulsified systems, both o/w and w/o types, may be effectively preserved by the addition of Phenonip at 0.4 - 0.7%. Phenonip can also be used to preserve emulsions based on nonionic surfactants, but slightly increased concentrations may be required, eg. 0.5-1.0%.
http://fun.clariant.com/fun/e2wtools.nsf/lookupDownloads/PHENONIP.pdf/$FILE/PHENONIP.pdf
Suttocide A is permanently listed by the EU at levels up to 0.5% active without restrictions. Suttocide A is a broad spectrum antimicrobial for use in shampoos and conditioners, when used at 0.1-0.2% (as supplied). This provides a safe and cost effective preservative system. Suttocide A is sold as a pH 10-12 aqueous solution and can be used to react with Stabileze® 06 or to neutralize carbomer to form stable clear gels without losing its antimicrobial activity. Suttocide A is synergistic with other preservatives. Suttocide A in combination with LiquaPar® Oil is particularly effective for preserving complex formulations. Suttocide A is stable and active up to pH 12 and can also be used in acidic conditions as low as 3.5, giving the formulator very broad pH flexibility as well as being able to adequately preserve alkaline products, e.g. soap bars.
http://www.ispcorp.com/products/preservatives/index.html
Germall Plus can effectively preserve cosmetic and personal care formulations beginning at 0.025%. Typical usage levels of Germall Plus range From 0.05% - 0.2%. Challenge data have confirmed that even at low usage levels, Germall Plus can deliver broad spectrum antimicrobial preservation. For products containing a significant amount of proteins and/or complex ingredients, 0.2% of Germall Plus is recommended for proper presentation.
http://www.ispcorp.com/products/preservatives/index.html
LiquaPar Oil is an active blend of parabens, useful in a wide range of cosmetic formulations including anyhydrous systems. LiquaPar Oil effectively preserves most products when used at concentrations of0.3-0.6%. For complex formulations, a dual preservation system consisting of 0.4% LiquaPar Oil in combination with 0.2% EDTA and/or 0.1% Germall II has been found to be particularly effective. http://www.ispcorp.com/products/preservatives/index.html
More information on preservatives can be found here:
http://www.happi.com/articles/2007/05/preservative-market-update.php
http://tinyurl.com/7atnf
http://tinyurl.com/7pg4w
http://tinyurl.com/8wk3l
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